INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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PRINCIPLES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF CLUSTER STRUCTURES
This thesis analyzes the economic foundations of the formation of cluster structures, the principles governing their functioning, and the main criteria for their classification. Particular attention is paid to the role of cluster structures in strengthening economic relations among enterprises, suppliers, research and educational institutions, financial organizations, and public institutions. The study also examines the classification of cluster structures according to their geographical coverage, field of activity, position within the production chain, and organizational characteristics. The importance of specialization, cooperation, competition, innovation, mutual benefit, and economic independence for the effective functioning of clusters is substantiated.
cluster, cluster structure, clustering, cooperation, specialization, innovation, competition, regional cluster, sectoral cluster, economic development.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND SOFTWARE IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This paper examines the pedagogical conditions required for the effective use of digital platforms and educational software. Digital technologies can expand access to resources, support interaction, facilitate individual learning pathways, and provide timely feedback. However, their availability does not automatically improve educational outcomes. The study systematises the conditions that transform technical functions into pedagogically meaningful learning opportunities: instructional alignment, teachers’ digital competence, learner readiness, interactive and collaborative activity, continuous monitoring, accessibility, academic integrity, data protection, and institutional support. A systemic approach enables digital platforms to operate as environments for active, inclusive, and evidence-based learning rather than merely as channels for distributing information.
digital platform, educational software, pedagogical conditions, digital learning, instructional design, digital competence, formative assessment, learning analytics.
ДАВЛАТ ОРГАНЛАРИ ВА УЛАРНИНГ МАНСАБДОР ШАХСЛАРИ ТОМОНИДАН ЕТКАЗИЛГАН ЗАРАР УЧУН ФУҚАРОЛИК-ҲУҚУҚИЙ ЖАВОБГАРЛИК
Мазкур мақолада давлат органлари ва уларнинг мансабдор шахслари томонидан жисмоний ҳамда юридик шахсларга етказилган зарар учун фуқаролик-ҳуқуқий жавобгарликнинг назарий ва амалий жиҳатлари таҳлил қилинган. Муаллиф давлат органлари фаолияти натижасида келиб чиқадиган деликт мажбуриятларининг ҳуқуқий табиати, жавобгарликнинг умумий ва махсус шартлари, зарар, сабабий боғланиш ва айб каби элементларнинг аҳамиятини ёритади. Шунингдек, давлат органлари ва мансабдор шахсларнинг ғайриқонуний ҳаракатлари ёки ҳаракатсизлиги натижасида етказилган зарарни қоплашнинг ҳуқуқий механизми, суд амалиётида жавобгар субъектни аниқлаш масалалари ҳамда қонунчиликни такомиллаштиришнинг айрим йўналишлари кўриб чиқилган. Тадқиқот натижалари давлат ҳокимияти органлари томонидан етказилган зарарни қоплаш институтини янада ривожлантириш ва фуқаролар ҳамда юридик шахсларнинг ҳуқуқларини самарали ҳимоя қилишга хизмат қилади.
давлат органи, мансабдор шахс, фуқаролик-ҳуқуқий жавобгарлик, деликт мажбурияти, зарарни қоплаш, сабабий боғланиш, айб, давлат жавобгарлиги, ҳуқуқбузарлик, оммавий ҳокимият.
DECISION RULES FOR LINK, MERGE, AND UPDATE OPERATORS IN AN INCREMENTAL MULTI-AGENT FACT REPOSITORY
Records arriving from distributed agents may be duplicates, supporting evidence, later states of an existing event, or genuinely new facts. Treating all similar records as duplicates causes information loss, while storing every record separately produces an inflated and poorly auditable repository. This paper formulates decision rules for distinguishing the Link, Merge, and Update operations within an incremental fact-repository method based on five lifecycle operators: Insert, Link, Merge, Update, and Close. The decision is made from referent identity, semantic similarity, temporal proximity, the role of the incoming evidence, and the current lifecycle status. A three-stage procedure first identifies candidate facts, then classifies the relation between the incoming fact and the candidate, and finally records the resulting transition in the repository history. A prototype demonstration on 20,000 service-request records reduced the active representation to 6,319 facts while retaining 19,544 evidential or semantic relations. The results show that repository compactness and evidence traceability can be achieved simultaneously only when Merge, Link, and Update are treated as different operations rather than a single deduplication step.
multi-agent system, fact repository, operator selection, semantic relation, duplicate consolidation, evidence traceability, lifecycle state.
TRANSBOUNDARY WATER MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH ASIA: A STUDY OF COOPERATION, CONFLICT, AND INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE IN THE INDUS BASIN (INDIA–PAKISTAN)
The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) governed water sharing between India and Pakistan for over six decades and was widely regarded as a rare success in transboundary water diplomacy. On 23 April 2025, India placed the treaty “in abeyance” following a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, suspending data-sharing, Permanent Indus Commission meetings, and participation in dispute-resolution mechanisms. Pakistan has disputed the legality of this unilateral move, and the two states remain in an unresolved legal and diplomatic standoff as of mid-2026. This proposal outlines a qualitative, single-case study examining how the suspension has affected the treaty's institutional mechanisms, how each state constructs its legal and political justification, and how climate stress and groundwater depletion reshape the incentives for cooperation. Using process tracing and a structured comparison with other transboundary basins, the study aims to assess which institutional design features proved resilient or fragile under political strain, and to outline plausible governance pathways for the basin over the next decade. The research is intended to contribute to hydro-political and international-relations scholarship, and to offer a policy-relevant evidence base for regional and international stakeholders.
РУССКО-УЗБЕКСКИЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ДИСКУРС КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО ЯЗЫКОВОГО КОНТАКТА В СИСТЕМЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТОВ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
В тезисах рассматривается русско-узбекский образовательный дискурс как пространство языкового контакта в системе подготовки студентов медицинских специальностей. Исследуются особенности функционирования русского и узбекского языков в академической коммуникации, анализируются проявления интерференции, код-переключения и терминологической адаптации. Обосновывается, что взаимодействие двух языков способствует повышению эффективности профессионально ориентированного обучения, развитию коммуникативной компетенции и формированию языковой личности будущего специалиста. Показано, что сопоставительное изучение русско-узбекского образовательного дискурса позволяет выявить закономерности языкового контакта и определить основные направления совершенствования профессиональной академической коммуникации в медицинском образовании.
русско-узбекский образовательный дискурс; языковой контакт; сравнительное и сопоставительное языкознание; академическая коммуникация; медицинское образование; интерференция; код-переключение; языковая личность
МЕЖЪЯЗЫКОВОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ КАК ФАКТОР ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ И ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ.
В тезисах рассматривается русско-узбекский образовательный дискурс как пространство языкового контакта в системе подготовки студентов медицинских специальностей. Анализируются особенности взаимодействия русского и узбекского языков в академической коммуникации, проявления интерференции, код-переключения и терминологической адаптации. Обосновывается, что языковой контакт способствует повышению эффективности профессионально ориентированного обучения, развитию коммуникативной компетенции и формированию языковой личности будущего специалиста. Показано, что сопоставительное исследование русско-узбекского образовательного дискурса позволяет выявить закономерности функционирования двух языков в образовательной среде и определить перспективы совершенствования профессиональной коммуникации.
русско-узбекский образовательный дискурс, языковой контакт, сравнительное и сопоставительное языкознание, академическая коммуникация, медицинское образование, интерференция, код-переключение, языковая личность.
UZBEK EFL TEACHERS’ DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION: PERCEPTIONS, CHALLENGES, AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly influenced contemporary English language education. Digital platforms, multimedia resources, learning management systems, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools have created new opportunities for improving teaching practices and supporting students’ language learning. However, the effective integration of these technologies depends not only on the availability of digital resources but also on teachers’ perceptions, technological confidence, institutional support, and contextual conditions. This study investigates Uzbek EFL teachers’ digital technology integration practices by examining their technology-related attitudes, perceived challenges, and professional development needs. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by 150 English language instructors working in different educational institutions across Uzbekistan. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, Welch’s independent-samples t-test, and Welch’s ANOVA. In addition, qualitative responses from an open-ended question were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings showed that teachers’ positive attitudes toward digital technologies were significantly associated with higher levels of technology usage. The results also indicated that teachers frequently encountered several challenges, including insufficient technological equipment, unstable internet connectivity, and limited access to digital devices among students. Furthermore, participants expressed a strong need for professional development opportunities related to interactive learning platforms, learning management systems, artificial intelligence tools, and digital content creation. The study suggests that successful technology integration in Uzbek EFL classrooms requires a combination of teacher readiness, improved infrastructure, institutional support, and continuous professional development. The findings provide useful implications for educational policymakers, administrators, and teacher educators seeking to promote effective digital transformation in English language education.
digital technology integration; EFL teachers; technology acceptance; perceived barriers; professional development; Uzbekistan
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS EXPRESSING EMOTIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
This article examines the conceptual and linguistic characteristics of metaphors expressing emotions in English and Uzbek from a comparative perspective. The study is based on the principles of cognitive linguistics and conceptual metaphor theory, focusing on the metaphorical representation of basic human emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and love. The research analyzes similarities and differences in metaphorical expressions used in both languages and explores the influence of cultural, historical, and cognitive factors on their formation. A comparative and descriptive approach is employed to identify universal and culture-specific metaphorical patterns.
conceptual metaphor, emotions, cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics, English language, Uzbek language, metaphorical expressions, culture, semantic analysis.
IMPROVING ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the methodology of teaching English based on artificial intelligence technologies. The study scientifically highlights the possibilities of artificial intelligence-based educational platforms, adaptive learning systems, generative artificial intelligence tools, automated assessment mechanisms, and digital educational technologies in the process of teaching English. It also analyzes the mechanisms for developing students' listening comprehension, reading, writing, and speaking competencies, individualizing the learning process, providing instant feedback, and increasing educational efficiency through the use of artificial intelligence tools. As a result of the study, an innovative methodological approach based on the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into the methodology of teaching English is proposed. This approach serves to improve the quality of education, support independent learning activities of students, develop communicative competencies, and form a modern digital educational environment. The results of the study are of great importance in developing scientific and methodological recommendations for the effective use of artificial intelligence technologies in higher education institutions and foreign language teaching practice.
artificial intelligence, English language teaching, English language methodology, generative artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, adaptive learning, digital educational technologies, personalized learning, automated assessment, communicative competence, language teaching, innovative pedagogical technologies, e-learning, learning platforms, educational effectiveness.
NATRIY XLORAT–ETILKSANTAGENAT NATRIY–SUV SISTEMASINING ERUVCHANLIK DIAGRAMMASINI O'RGANISH
JAVLON UMARBEKOV IJODIDA TARIXIY SIYMOLAR TASVIRI: ,,AMIR TEMUR” VA ,,KAMOLIDDIN BEHZOD SHOGIRDLARI BILAN” ASARLARINING TAHLILI
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston xalq rassomi Javlon Umarbekovning Amir Temur va Kamoliddin Behzodga bag‘ishlangan asarlari badiiy tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu tarixiy portretlar rassomning uslubi, rang tanlovi, kompozitsion yechimlari va obraz yaratish mahorati orqali ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada rassomning har bir asari tarixiy shaxsiyatlarning xarakterini ochib berishdagi o‘ziga xos badiiy ifodasi orqali ko‘rib chiqilib, uning ijodiy tamoyillari yoritiladi.
Javlon Umarbekov, tarixiy, portret, Amir Temur, Kamoliddin Behzod, badiiy tahlil,
HOW PHONICS INSTRUCTION IMPROVES ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
Phonics instruction plays a significant role in improving English pronunciation by helping learners understand the relationship between letters and sounds. It develops phonological awareness, enabling learners to recognize sound patterns and pronounce words more accurately. This article examines how systematic phonics instruction contributes to better pronunciation, reading fluency, listening comprehension, and overall communicative competence. It also discusses effective classroom strategies that combine phonics with pronunciation practice to support English language learners. The study concludes that integrating phonics into pronunciation teaching enhances learners' confidence and speaking accuracy.
phonics, pronunciation, English language learning, phonological awareness, speaking skills, reading fluency, literacy, language teaching
MODERN METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
This article examines modern methodologies for developing intercultural communicative competence in English language teaching. It explores the theoretical foundations of intercultural communication and its significance in preparing learners for effective interaction in multilingual and multicultural environments. The study analyzes innovative instructional methods, including communicative language teaching, task-based learning, project-based learning, collaborative learning, digital technologies, authentic materials, and virtual intercultural exchanges. Furthermore, it discusses how these approaches enhance learners' linguistic competence, cultural awareness, empathy, critical thinking, and global citizenship. The findings indicate that integrating intercultural communicative competence into English language instruction significantly improves students' communication skills, cultural sensitivity, and readiness for international academic and professional cooperation.
Intercultural, communication, competence, english, culture, diversity, interaction, pedagogy, technology, collaboration, awareness, innovation, learning, globalization, methodology.
BLEAK HOUSE: A STORY OF LIFE BEYOND THE COURTROOM
КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННАЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ ГЕОДЕЗИЧЕСКИХ ПУАНКАРЕ В ЛЕМНИСКАТНЫХ ОБЛАСТЯХ С СУЖАЮЩЕЙСЯ ПЕРЕМЫЧКОЙ
В работе исследуется концентрация геодезических Пуанкаре в семействе лемнискатных областей с сужающейся внутренней перемычкой. В качестве явной модели рассматриваются области Установлено, что пересечение области с мнимой осью имеет вид Следовательно, ширина перемычки равна и стремится к нулю при . Для семейства геодезических Пуанкаре ​, соединяющих левую и правую части области, вводится радиус концентрации и доказывается оценка Полученный результат показывает, что геодезические количественно концентрируются в окрестности начала координат вследствие глобального вырождения геометрии области.
лемнискатная область, метрика Пуанкаре, гиперболическая геодезическая, концентрация геодезических, сужающаяся перемычка, овал Кассини.
DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY OF COTTON-SILK JACQUARD KNITTED FABRICS
This article substantiates the technology for producing jacquard cotton-silk knitted fabrics, aimed at expanding the range of knitted products. Knitted fabrics from cotton and silk yarns with linear densities of 20 and 14.3 tex were produced and studied on a LONGXING 252 double-bed flat knitting machine.
knitting fabric, technology, jacquard, structure, assortment.
ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННО-ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЖЕНСКОЙ ПРОЗЫ XXI ВЕКА: ТЕМАТИКА, ПОЭТИКА И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ
Данная статья посвящена анализу специфики и ключевых тенденций развития женской прозы в русской литературе XXI века. Рассматриваются социокультурные предпосылки расцвета женского литературного творчества на современном этапе, исследуется его жанрово-тематическое своеобразие. Особое внимание уделено деконструкции традиционных гендерных стереотипов, исследованию экзистенциального и психологического мира женщины, а также феномену «новой телесности» и переосмыслению исторической памяти сквозь призму женского опыта. В работе проанализировано творчество ведущих представительниц современной женской литературы, таких как Т. Толстая, Л. Улицкая, Д. Рубина, Г. Яхина, М. Степнова. Сделан вывод о том, что современная женская проза вышла за рамки узкогендерного гетто («дамского романа») и стала полноправным локомотивом интеллектуального мейнстрима современной отечественной словесности.
женская проза, литература XXI века, гендерные стереотипы, автодокументальное письмо, психологизм, историческая память, поэтика текста, Л. Улицкая, Г. Яхина.
CREATION OF NATIONAL COLOR IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LITERARY WORKS
This article examines the creation and preservation of national color in the translation of English and Uzbek literary works. National color reflects the cultural, historical, social, and linguistic characteristics of a nation and plays an important role in literary translation. The study analyzes translation strategies used to convey national identity, customs, traditions, and cultural values in literary texts. Special attention is paid to the challenges translators face when rendering culturally specific elements and the methods employed to maintain authenticity while ensuring readability for target audiences.
National color, literary translation, cultural identity, translation strategies, English literature, Uzbek literature, cultural equivalence, linguistic adaptation.
DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE RECODING ABILITY THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: A CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
The contemporary learning environment requires students not only to acquire information but also to reorganize it into forms that support understanding, retrieval, transfer, and practical use. This article conceptualizes knowledge recoding ability as the deliberate transformation of content from one representational format into another while preserving semantic accuracy and improving cognitive accessibility. Examples include converting prose into a concept map, a diagram into an explanatory text, a dataset into a visual model, or a theoretical rule into an algorithm or simulation. Drawing on dual coding theory, cognitive load theory, generative learning, self-explanation, retrieval practice, and research on multiple representations, the study proposes a five-stage pedagogical model: diagnosis, decomposition, representational translation, reconstruction, and verification-transfer. The framework integrates semantic, representational, technological, and metacognitive components and specifies instructional conditions for its development through digital tools. An analytic assessment rubric is also offered to evaluate semantic fidelity, structural coherence, representational suitability, technological execution, and reflective justification. The article argues that information technologies improve learning only when they are used as cognitive instruments rather than as decorative delivery channels. The proposed model can guide curriculum design, digital task construction, and teacher education in higher education settings, while also providing a basis for subsequent empirical validation.
knowledge recoding; information technologies; multiple representations; cognitive load; generative learning; digital pedagogy; higher education
EMOTIONAL AND SPIRITUAL MEANING IN SEMANTICS
This article examines the role of emotional and spiritual meanings in semantics and explores how they are expressed through linguistic units in relation to human cognition and culture. The study analyzes the denotative and connotative meanings of words and expressions, their emotional and expressive functions, and their capacity to convey spiritual values. Furthermore, it discusses the pragmatic significance of emotional and spiritual meanings in communication and evaluates their contribution to intercultural interaction from a semantic perspective.
semantics, emotional meaning, spiritual meaning, connotation, denotation, linguistic units, pragmatics, intercultural communication.
STARTUPS AND INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
This paper examines the role of startups and innovative entrepreneurship in promoting sustainable economic growth and digital transformation. It explores the theoretical foundations of startup development, the importance of innovation-driven entrepreneurship, and the contribution of startups to employment creation, technological advancement, and economic competitiveness. The paper also analyzes international experience and reviews Uzbekistan's recent reforms aimed at developing the startup ecosystem, venture financing, innovation infrastructure, and digital entrepreneurship. The findings suggest that strengthening venture capital mechanisms, expanding innovation infrastructure, supporting technology-based startups, and enhancing collaboration among government, academia, and the private sector are essential for fostering an innovation-driven economy and ensuring long-term sustainable development.
startups, innovative entrepreneurship, startup ecosystem, innovation, venture capital, digital economy, entrepreneurship, technology commercialization, digital transformation, economic growth, Uzbekistan.
GREYVS KASALLIGIDA JAK-STAT SIGNAL YO‘LI GENLARI POLIMORFIZMLARI VA SITOKINLAR DARAJASINING AHAMIYATI
Mazkur maqolada Greyvs kasalligining immunogenetik xususiyatlari, JAK-STAT signal yo‘li genlari polimorfizmlari hamda IFN-γ va IL-10 sitokinlari o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari JAK2 rs1887428, STAT1 rs1547550 va IFNG rs2430561 polimorfizmlarining kasallik rivojlanishi hamda uning og‘irlik darajasi bilan bog‘liqligini ko‘rsatdi. Shuningdek, IFN-γ va IL-10 sitokinlari nisbatining autoimmun jarayonlar faolligini baholashdagi muhim ahamoyatga ega ekanligi aniqlandi. Olingan natijalar Greyvs kasalligini erta tashxislash, tashxis qilish va shaxsiylashtirilgan davolash usullarini takomillashtirish uchun ilmiy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
Greyvs kasalligi, JAK2, STAT1, IFNG, gen polimorfizmi, IFN-γ, IL-10, autoimmun kasallik, sitokinlar
ҲУДУДЛАРДА БОШҚАРУВ САМАРАДОРЛИГИНИ ОШИРИШДА ДАВЛАТ ХИЗМАТЧИЛАРИ КАДРЛАР ЗАХИРАСИНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШ ВА РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШ МЕХАНИЗМЛАРИ
Мақолада ҳудудларда бошқарув самарадорлигини оширишда давлат хизматчилари кадрлар захирасини шакллантириш ва ривожлантиришнинг ташкилий-иқтисодий механизмлари таҳлил қилинган. Тадқиқот 08.00.13 – иқтисодий менежмент ихтисослиги доирасида инсон капитали, меритократия, компетенцияга асосланган баҳолаш, натижага йўналтирилган бошқарув ва рақамли HRM ёндашувларига таянади. Миллий кадрлар захираси, шахсий ривожланиш режаси, ҳудудий эҳтиёжлар диагностикаси ва лавозимга тайёрлик индекси ўртасидаги боғлиқлик асослаб берилган. Шунингдек, кадрлар захирасини иқтисодий самарадорлик нуқтаи назаридан баҳолаш учун услубий формула таклиф этилган.
кадрлар захираси, давлат хизмати, ҳудудий бошқарув, лавозимга тайёрлик, компетенция, инсон капитали, бошқарув самарадорлиги, Миллий кадрлар захираси.
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING ASTRONOMICAL TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Astronomical terminology plays a significant role in science education and foreign language learning because it integrates linguistic competence with scientific knowledge. As astronomy continues to develop through space exploration and technological innovation, learners increasingly encounter specialized vocabulary in academic texts, digital resources, and international communication. Therefore, effective methods of teaching astronomical terminology are essential for improving learners’ vocabulary acquisition, reading comprehension, and communicative competence. This article discusses several pedagogical approaches to teaching astronomical terms, including contextual learning, visual instruction, comparative linguistic analysis, technology-enhanced learning, and project-based activities. These methods help students understand not only the meanings of astronomical terms but also their linguistic, cultural, and scientific backgrounds.
astronomical terminology, vocabulary teaching, English language learning, scientific terminology, comparative linguistics, educational technology, contextual learning, astronomy.
HISTORY EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN AND JAPAN: LESSON QUALITY AND PATRIOTIC EDUCATION
This article offers a comparative-historical analysis of the legal, pedagogical and moral mechanisms shaping lesson quality in general secondary schools in Uzbekistan and Japan. The study draws on official policy documents, OECD PISA 2022 data, research on Japanese education, and content from an Uzbek history textbook. The comparison identifies national standards, curriculum, textbooks, teacher professional development and civic-moral education as interrelated components of instructional quality. PISA results are used only as system-level context, since they do not directly measure the quality of a particular history lesson. The article proposes a source-based model for teaching national heroes—Jalal al-Din Mangburni, Temur Malik, Najm al-Din Kubra, Mahmud Tarabi and Amir Temur—through historical evidence, period context, moral choice and critical reflection. It concludes that conscious patriotism is strengthened not by mythologising historical figures, but by developing evidence-based historical thinking and civic responsibility.
Uzbekistan, Japan, school education, lesson quality, history teaching, national hero, patriotism, historical memory, lesson study, moral education.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPIRITUAL DIMENSION OF MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE ANCIENT CITY OF KHIVA
ZAMONAVIY NAVIGATSIYA TIZIMLARINI JORIY ETISH
Ushbu ilmiy tezisimda zamonaviy navigatsiya tizimlarini transport sohasiga joriy etishning dolzarbligi keng ravishda o’rganiladi. Va bundan tashqari amaliy ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Sun’iy yo‘ldosh navigatsiya texnologiyalari (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo va BeiDou) yordamida transport vositalarining harakatini samarali boshqarish, optimal marshrutlarni tanlash, yoqilg‘i sarfini kamaytirish, vaqtni tejash hamda tashish jarayonlari xavfsizligini oshirish masalalari yoritilgan. Albatta, bu tadqiqotda ushbu unsurlar juda ham muhimdir. Shuningdek, navigatsiya asosiy tizimlarining logistika jarayonlarini takomillashtirish, transport infratuzilmasini raqamlashtirish va intellektual transport tizimlarini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni ilmiy jihatdan asoslab berilgan.
zamonaviy navigatsiya tizimlari, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, transport, logistika, marshrutni optimallashtirish, transport xavfsizligi, raqamlashtirish, intellektual transport tizimlari.
BADIIY TA’LIMDA KLASSIK TASVIRIY MEROS VA ZAMOAVIY GOBELEN TO’QISH SAN’ATI SINTEZI
Ushbu maqolada oliy ta’lim tizimida bo‘lajak tasviriy va amaliy san’at o‘qituvchilarini tayyorlashda klassik tasviriy meros an’analarini zamonaviy gobelen to‘qish texnikasi bilan sintez qilish masalalari tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqot davomida Sharq miniatyura maktabining kompozitsion tuzilishi, ranglar uyg‘unligi va falsafiy mazmunini badiiy gobelen texnologiyasiga tatbiq etishning ilmiy-metodik asoslari tahlil qilingan. Amaliy qismda milliy badiiy elementlarni gobelen iplari yordamida qayta tiklash bosqichlari ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Maqola xulosalari oliy pedagogik ta’limda talabalarning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish va milliy madaniy merosni saqlashga xizmat qiladi.
badiiy ta’lim, klassik tasviriy meros, sharq miniatyurasi, gobelen san’ati, kompozitsiya sintezi, amaliy san’at, ranglar garmoniyasi.