DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN SYRIA (LATE 18th – EARLY 20th CENTURIES)
Keywords:
Syria, Ottoman Empire, Tanzimat reforms, Abdulhamid II, modernization process, administrative reforms, centralization, local administration, infrastructure.Abstract
This article analyzes the distinctive features of administrative reforms implemented in Syria from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries. The study provides a scholarly examination of the evolution of central government policies, the improvement of the administrative management system, and the continuity of reforms from the Tanzimat period to the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II within the framework of the Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, the article explores the relationship between central and local administrations, the policy of sedentarizing Bedouin tribes, the development of infrastructure, the regulation of the taxation system, and the organizational measures aimed at ensuring public security. The findings of the research demonstrate that the reforms carried out in the Syrian provinces during this period not only enhanced the administrative efficiency of the Ottoman state but also had a significant impact on the socio-political stability of the region.
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