QANDLI DIABETNI DAVOLASHDA ZAMONAVIY DORI VOSITALARI
Keywords:
qandli diabet, farmakoterapiya, metformin, insulin, GLP-1 retseptor agonistlari, SGLT2 ingibitorlari, GIP/GLP-1 agonisti, DPP-4 ingibitorlari, sulfonilmochevina, insulin rezistentligi, giperglikemiya, glikemik nazorat, yurak-qon tomir xavfi, diabetik nefropatiya, individual davolash.Abstract
Qandli diabet metabolik kasalliklarning keng tarqalgan shakllaridan biri bo‘lib, uning asosida insulin sekretsiyasining yetishmovchiligi, insulin rezistentligi yoki ushbu mexanizmlarning turli darajadagi kombinatsiyasi yotadi. Kasallikning uzoq davom etishi giperglikemiya bilan bir qatorda yurak-qon tomir, buyrak, nerv va ko‘rish tizimlarida mikro- va makrovaskulyar asoratlarning shakllanishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Shu sababli zamonaviy diabetologiyada farmakoterapiyaning asosiy maqsadi faqat qondagi glyukoza miqdorini kamaytirish emas, balki asoratlar xavfini pasaytirish, individual glikemik maqsadlarga erishish, tana vaznini nazorat qilish va bemorning hayot sifatini yaxshilashdan iborat. Mazkur maqolada qandli diabetda qo‘llaniladigan zamonaviy dori vositalarining farmakologik xususiyatlari va klinik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Metformin, sulfonilmochevina preparatlari, dipeptidil peptidaza-4 ingibitorlari, natriy-glyukoza kotransporter-2 ingibitorlari, glyukagonsimon peptid-1 retseptor agonistlari, qo‘shaloq GIP/GLP-1 retseptor agonisti, tiazolidindionlar hamda insulin preparatlarining ta’sir mexanizmlari yoritiladi. Ayniqsa, SGLT2 ingibitorlari va GLP-1 retseptor agonistlarining glyukemiyani nazorat qilishdan tashqari yurak-qon tomir va buyrak himoyasidagi ahamiyatiga e’tibor qaratiladi. 2026-yilgi Amerika Diabet Assotsiatsiyasi standartlariga ko‘ra, aterosklerotik yurak-qon tomir kasalligi yoki yuqori xavf, yurak yetishmovchiligi yoki surunkali buyrak kasalligi mavjud bo‘lgan bemorlarda klinik foydasi isbotlangan GLP-1 retseptor agonisti va/yoki SGLT2 ingibitorini qo‘llash glikemik nazorat darajasidan qat’i nazar ko‘rib chiqilishi kerak. Shuningdek, og‘ir giperglikemiya yoki katabolik simptomlar mavjud bo‘lgan holatlarda insulin terapiyasining o‘rni muhimligicha qolmoqda. Maqolada dori vositasini tanlashning individual klinik tamoyillari, kombinatsiyalangan farmakoterapiya, xavfsizlik masalalari va davolash samaradorligini monitoring qilishning zamonaviy yondashuvlari umumlashtirilgan.
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