FROM THE SOCIAL LIFE OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Abstract

In the Bukhara Emirate, all aspects of social life were regulated by the norms of Sharia, and the religious stratum played an important role in the governance of society. Imams and priests, along with religious and educational activities, also performed such tasks as collecting taxes and resolving civil issues. Dervishes, kalandas, and maddohs occupied a place among the people as mobile propagators of religious and spiritual life. Sources indicate that women's lives were under strict moral and normative restrictions, and in some communities, customs prevailed over Sharia. Local and foreign authors describe the rise of injustice in society, abuse of officials, and religious fanaticism based on scientific observations.