THE ADMINISTRATIVE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OF AMIR TEMUR IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Keywords:
Amir Timur, governance policy, “Temur’s Code”, justice, reforms, taxation system, Middle East, religious figures, public welfare.Abstract
This text is devoted to the governance policies of Amir Timur, his reformist activities, and foreign policy in the Middle East. Drawing upon the section “Laws of State Administration” from the work (“Temur’s Code”), the study highlights Timur’s righteousness, prioritization of the welfare of the people and religion, respect for esteemed individuals, and his experience in maintaining stable administration over conquered territories. Emphasis is placed on his humanity and justice in matters of taxation, provincial governance, and support for religious scholars and intellectuals. The text also addresses his policies of cooperation and peacebuilding with neighboring states and the prevention of internal conflicts. Additionally, the perspectives of French historian Jean-Paul Rouanet and other scholars are cited, stressing the necessity of evaluating Amir Timur’s activities within the historical context of his era.
References
1. Ибн Арабшоҳ. Амир Темур тарихи (Темур тарихида тақдир ажойиботлари) /Сўз боши, араб тилидан таржима ва изоҳларни филология фанлари номзоди У.Уватов тайёрлаган. Масъул муҳаррир А.Ўринбоев. I-китоб. Тошкент, “Меҳнат” 1992. Б. 328. II-китоб. Тошкент, “Меҳнат” 1992.
2. Низомиддин Шомий. Зафарнома. Форс тилидан Ю. Ҳакимжонов таржимаси. Нашрга тайёрловчи А.Ўринбоев. Тошкент, “Ўзбекистон” 1996.
3. Руи Гонсалес де Клавихо. Дневник путешествия в Самарканд ко двору Тимура (1403-1406 гг.) / пер. со староисп., предисл. и коммент. И.С. Мироковой. М., “Наука” 1990.
4. Темур тузуклари. Ўзбек, рус, инглиз, француз тилларида. Академик Б.Аҳмедов таҳрири остида. /Форс тилидан А.Соғуний ва Ҳ.Кароматов таржимаси. Тошкент, “Ғ. Ғулом номидаги адабиёт ва санъат нашриёти” 1996.
5. Шарафиддин Али Яздий. Зафарнома. Таржимон Муҳаммад Али Бухорий. Сўзбоши, табдил, изоҳлар ва кўрсаткичлар муаллифлари: Ашраф Аҳмад, Ҳайдарбек Бобобеков. Тошкент, “Шарқ” нашриёт-матбаа концерни 1997.
