PREECLAMPSIA: FROM EMERGENCY CARE TO STAGES OF REHABILITATION

Abstract

Objective. To summarize current evidence on the diagnosis of preeclampsia, principles of emergency care, obstetric management, and postpartum rehabilitation, with emphasis on long-term cardiovascular and renal prevention. Materials and methods. A narrative review of current international guidance and analytical publications was performed, including recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the World Health Organization (WHO), and recent reviews on postpartum care and long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes after preeclampsia. Results. Preeclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Contemporary management requires early recognition of the disease, timely administration of magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis and treatment, prompt control of severe hypertension, continuous assessment of maternal and fetal status, and determination of the optimal timing of delivery. Postpartum care should not end with hospital discharge. Women with a history of preeclampsia require blood pressure monitoring, laboratory reassessment, evaluation of renal function, and subsequent referral for long-term cardiometabolic risk reduction. Conclusion. Preeclampsia should be regarded not only as an acute obstetric complication but also as a marker of future cardiovascular and renal disease. Effective care is based on a continuum that starts with emergency stabilization and timely delivery and continues through structured postpartum follow-up, long-term prevention, and preconception counseling before future pregnancies.