BOLALAR VA O‘SMIRLAR ORASIDA MIOPIYA TARQALISHINING ORTISHI: XAVF OMILLARI, PATOGENEZ VA PROFILAKTIKA
Keywords:
miopiya, axial elongatsiya, ekran vaqti, ochiq havo, profilaktika, ko'rish gigiyenasi, atropin, Ortokeratologiya, linzalar.Abstract
So'nggi yillarda bolalar va o'smirlar orasida miopiya tarqalishining global miqyosda o'sishi dolzarb tibbiy-ijtimoiy muammoga aylangan. Ushbu tendensiya yuqori darajadagi miopiya bilan bog'liq asoratlar xavfini oshiradi. Miopiya tarqalishining ortish sabablari, xavf omillari, patogenetik mexanizmlari va zamonaviy profilaktika usullarini ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlili asosida o'rganish. Tahlil uchun 2010-2024-yillarda PubMed, Google Scholar va JSST ma'lumotlar bazalarida indekslangan ilmiy nashrlar, meta-tahlillar va tizimli sharhlar tanlab olindi. Adabiyotlar tahlili miopiya tarqalishi 2050-yilga borib dunyo aholisining 50% ga yetishi mumkinligini ko'rsatadi . Asosiy xavf omillari: uzoq muddat yaqin masofada ishlash (>3-4 soat/kun), ochiq havoda kam vaqt o'tkazish (<2 soat/kun) va irsiy moyillikdir. Patogenezda ko'z olmasining axial uzunligi ortishi (axial elongatsiya) markaziy o'rin tutadi . Profilaktikaning samarali strategiyalariga ochiq havoda vaqt o'tkazishni ko'paytirish, ko'rish gigiyenasiga rioya qilish va xavf guruhidagi bolalarda past dozali atropin (0.01%) qo'llash kiradi. Miopiya progressiyasining oldini olish va asoratlar xavfini kamaytirish uchun profilaktika choralarini erta bosqichda, ayniqsa maktabgacha va boshlang'ich maktab yoshidayoq joriy etish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
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