THE GRAMMATICAL VERBS CATEGORIES IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGE

Abstract

Verbs constitute the core of the grammatical system of language, as they encode actions, processes, states, and relations in time and reality. The grammatical categories of the verb play a decisive role in structuring predication and organizing sentence meaning. This research provides a comparative analysis of the grammatical verb categories in the English and Uzbek languages, aiming to reveal both universal features and language-specific characteristics shaped by typological differences. English, as a predominantly analytic language, and Uzbek, as an agglutinative language, employ distinct morphological and syntactic mechanisms to express verbal categories, which significantly affects grammatical structure and communicative function. The study focuses on major grammatical categories of the verb, including tense, aspect, mood, voice, person, number, and modality. It examines how these categories are formally realized, how they interact within the verb system, and how they function in discourse. Special attention is paid to the relationship between grammatical meaning and linguistic form, as well as to the role of auxiliary verbs, affixation, and syntactic constructions. Through a contrastive approach, the research demonstrates that despite structural differences, both languages exhibit common functional goals in expressing temporality, modality, and agency.