ASSESSMENT OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS (CD4, CD8, CD20) IN HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS
Keywords:
HIV, tuberculosis, CD4, CD8, CD20, immunohistochemistry, granuloma, morphological analysis.Abstract
This scientific study was conducted between 2021 and 2024 at the Departments of Phthisiology and Pathomorphology of the Fergana Region. A total of 90 patients were examined — 60 with HIV-associated tuberculosis and 30 HIV-negative tuberculosis cases. The primary aim was to assess the morphological and immunohistochemical activity of the main lymphocyte subpopulations — CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells — in HIV-associated tuberculosis.
According to the results, the number of CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes significantly decreased, the number of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes increased, and the activity of CD20+ B-lymphocytes declined. In patients with a CD4/CD8 ratio below 0.4, granuloma maturity was low (1.1±0.3 points), and the necrotic area was extensive (42.6±3.8%). This immune imbalance reflects the morphological mechanisms underlying the severe course of HIV-associated tuberculosis.
References
1. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2023. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
2. Huang S., Li Y., Chen W. Immunopathogenesis of HIV-TB coinfection. Frontiers in Immunology. 2024;15(3):201–214.
3. Poliakova S., Diedrich C. R. CD4/CD8-based immunomorphological diagnostics in TB-HIV co-infection. Pathology International. 2024;74(1):51–63.
4. Kacprzak A., Ivanov V., Petrova E. Morphological patterns of TB in HIV-infected patients. European Journal of Pathology. 2022;48(4):229–238.
5. Hosseinian K., Barr D. A. Cytokine imbalance and macrophage dysfunction in HIV-related tuberculosis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2024;24(2):87–98.
6. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Annual Report of the National Phthisiatry Center. Tashkent; 2024
