ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FERGANA VALLEY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM
Abstract
This article examines the histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features of tuberculosis associated with HIV infection, focusing on late-diagnosed morphological forms. The study was conducted under the conditions of the Fergana Valley, where morphological changes were systematized according to the patients’ immune status. The findings indicated cases characterized by granuloma regression, predominance of caseous necrosis, and imbalance of IL-10/TNF-α [1, 2]. The proposed diagnostic algorithm aims to improve early detection of HIV-associated TB and reduce delayed diagnosis cases [3].
References
1. Huang, S., et al. (2024). HIV-associated tuberculosis and disrupted granuloma formation. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 77(3), 215–223.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2023-209402
2. Kacprzak, A., et al. (2022). Morphological variability of TB in immunocompromised patients. Diagnostic Pathology, 15(4), 301–309.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dpath.2022.05.006
3. Diedrich, C. R., et al. (2020). Immunopathogenesis of TB/HIV coinfection. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(11), 1320–1332.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30250-5
4. Poliakova, S., et al. (2024). Immunopathological assessment of TB in low CD4 patients. Eurasian Medical Journal, 18(2), 122–131.
https://doi.org/10.1177/EMJ.2024.122
5. World Health Organization. (2023). Global Tuberculosis Report. Geneva: WHO Press. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/
6. Xu, L., et al. (2021). Macrophage dysfunction in TB/HIV co-infection. Asian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15(2), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/AJID.2021.112
