CLIMATE STRATEGIES OF THE WORLD’S NATIONS

Abstract

The global climate crisis has become the defining challenge of the twenty-first century, prompting nations to adopt ambitious strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate neutrality. Climate strategies vary widely depending on national priorities, economic structures, and resource endowments, yet all share a common goal: to limit global warming in line with the Paris Agreement. This article provides a comparative analysis of the climate strategies of leading economies—such as the European Union, the United States, China, Japan, and India—alongside emerging economies that play crucial roles in the global transition. Drawing on statistical data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the World Bank, the study examines national targets, policy instruments, and progress toward net-zero emissions. The findings underscore that while global ambition has increased, the pace and scale of implementation remain uneven, necessitating stronger international coordination and technological cooperation.