CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY: ANATOMICAL FEATURES AND ETIOLOGY
Keywords:
cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular hypertrophy, arterial hypertension, valvular stenosis, valvular regurgitation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocardial growth, interstitial fibrosis, heart failure, arrhythmias, pathophysiology, electrocardiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, circulatory impairment, structural heart changes, physical overloadAbstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a pathological thickening of the heart muscle that causes significant alterations in the structure and function of the heart. This condition commonly arises due to arterial hypertension, valvular stenosis and regurgitation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary-related heart diseases, and excessive physical workload. The main anatomical and pathophysiological characteristics include an increase in the size and mass of cardiomyocytes, hypertrophy of muscle fibers, and development of interstitial fibrosis. These changes reduce the heart’s pumping efficiency, leading to impaired circulation, heart failure, arrhythmias, and increased risk of mortality. Modern diagnostic methods such as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow precise assessment of the degree of hypertrophy and cardiac function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomical alterations, pathophysiology, primary causes, and diagnostic techniques of cardiac hypertrophy, along with clinical implications and treatment approaches. Early detection and effective management of cardiac hypertrophy are crucial in reducing cardiovascular disease complications.
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