LAND OWNERSHIP RELATIONS IN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE
Keywords:
Bukhara, emir, land, property, private, waqf, tax, tenancy, agrarian, social.Abstract
This article analyzes the historical development of land ownership relations in the Bukhara Emirate, the main types of land tenure, and their role in socio-economic life. It examines state-owned lands (mulki devoniy), lands owned by authorized individuals (private property or mulki xususiy), and lands allocated to religious institutions (waqf). The study highlights the social stratification, economic relations, and administrative system that developed on the basis of these land types. The article also reveals how the land tenure system affected relationships among peasants, nobility, and clergy, as well as the processes of social stratification through taxation and land leasing. The research results contribute to a deeper understanding of the agrarian structure of the Bukhara Emirate. Taxes, obligations, and leasing systems related to land ownership are also analyzed based on historical sources.
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