INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF UTEROPLACENTAL AND FETOPLACENTAL BLOOD FLOW IN FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION
Keywords:
fetal growth restriction, Doppler ultrasound, uteroplacental circulation, fetal hemodynamics, antenatal diagnosis, placental insufficiency, perinatal outcomes.Abstract
Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) remains a significant clinical concern in modern obstetrics due to its association with high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The failure of a fetus to reach its genetically determined growth potential is often the result of placental insufficiency, which leads to chronic fetal hypoxia. In this context, evaluating uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow using Doppler ultrasound is one of the most informative non-invasive methods for early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis.
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