MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED HEARING LOSS IN OLDER ADULTS
Keywords:
age-related hearing loss, presbycusis, older adults, modifiable risk factors, hearing loss prevention, noise exposure, cardiovascular risk, metabolic disorders.Abstract
Age-related hearing loss is a common progressive sensory disorder among older adults and is influenced by both non-modifiable and modifiable factors. Although biological ageing and genetic predisposition cannot be prevented, several environmental, lifestyle, metabolic, and medical factors may contribute to the onset and progression of auditory decline. This article examines the major modifiable risk factors associated with age-related hearing loss in older adults and discusses their potential importance in prevention. Particular attention is given to prolonged noise exposure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, physical inactivity, and the use of potentially ototoxic medications. The interaction between these factors and age-related changes in the auditory system may accelerate hearing deterioration and increase the risk of clinically significant hearing impairment. Identification of modifiable risk factors during routine clinical assessment may therefore help distinguish individuals who require closer audiological monitoring and preventive interventions. Strategies aimed at controlling chronic diseases, reducing exposure to excessive noise, promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours, and ensuring careful use of ototoxic medications may contribute to the preservation of hearing function in older adults. A preventive approach based on early risk assessment and regular hearing evaluation may reduce the functional and social consequences of age-related hearing loss.
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