ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HYGIENE STATUS AND RISK OF CARIES DEVELOPMENT IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment plays an important role in the correction of dental and jaw abnormalities, improvement of occlusion, and restoration of functional and aesthetic characteristics of the dentofacial system. However, the presence of orthodontic appliances creates additional conditions for the accumulation of dental plaque and changes in the oral environment, which may increase the risk of caries development. This scientific thesis evaluates the relationship between oral hygiene status and the probability of caries formation among orthodontic patients. The study emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of oral hygiene indicators, individual preventive strategies, and professional dental care during orthodontic treatment. Fixed orthodontic appliances, especially brackets and arch wires, create retention areas that complicate mechanical tooth cleaning. As a result, microbial biofilm accumulation increases around orthodontic components, leading to enamel demineralization and the appearance of initial carious lesions. The assessment of oral hygiene status using clinical indicators allows early identification of patients with increased risk and contributes to effective preventive measures. The analysis of scientific literature demonstrates that oral hygiene education, professional cleaning procedures, dietary recommendations, and continuous motivation of patients significantly reduce the occurrence of caries complications during orthodontic therapy. Therefore, maintaining optimal oral hygiene should be considered an essential component of successful orthodontic treatment.