PATHOLOGICAL HEART MURMURS DETECTED BY AUSCULTATION AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
Keywords:
heart auscultation, pathological murmurs, cardioauscultation, valvular pathology, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, pericardial sounds, murmur pathophysiology, stethoscope, clinical diagnosis, cardiac diseases, circulatory disorders, cardiology, murmur classification, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic significanceAbstract
Heart auscultation is one of the oldest and most widely used clinical examination methods, playing a crucial role in assessing cardiac function. Pathological murmurs arise due to abnormalities in heart valves, myocardium, pericardium, and the circulatory system, and their characteristics serve as important diagnostic markers of various cardiac diseases. This article reviews the types of heart murmurs, mechanisms of their occurrence, auscultation characteristics, and their diagnostic and prognostic value in cardiology. Modern auscultation techniques, classification of murmurs, and their therapeutic and clinical importance are also discussed. The work is intended for cardiologists, general practitioners, and medical students to deepen both practical and theoretical knowledge, facilitate early detection of cardiac pathology, and support effective treatment strategies.
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