ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS

Abstract

Catarrhal gingivitis is one of the most frequently encountered inflammatory conditions of the periodontal tissues in dental practice. It predominantly affects the marginal gingiva and interdental papillae and is characterized by hyperemia, swelling, bleeding upon mechanical stimulation, and subjective discomfort. Although the condition is generally considered reversible at the early stage, its progression without timely intervention can lead to chronic inflammation and subsequent periodontal breakdown. The aim of this paper is to systematize the etiological factors associated with catarrhal gingivitis and to emphasize the importance of comprehensive prevention and management.