ANALYSIS OF MODERN SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
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A PERSONALITY MODEL BASED ON THE HARMONY OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND NATIONAL VALUES IN THE EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
The article offers a theoretical and parametric interpretation of a personality model grounded in the harmony of legal consciousness and national values, drawing on the experience of developed countries. Legal consciousness is described as the unity of (i) the level of awareness of rights and freedoms, duties and responsibility, (ii) a value-based attitude toward the law, and (iii) legal behaviour. National values are interpreted as a complex of a society’s historical memory, cultural identity, moral norms and traditional way of life. Based on the experience of developed states (Western Europe, Scandinavia, Japan, South Korea and others), the paper systematizes the key qualities of a person who relies on the harmony of the rule of law, civil society and national culture: legal literacy, civic responsibility, openness to pluralism, loyalty to national identity, and spiritual resilience. The model’s cognitive, axiological, behavioural and civic-activity components are identified, and the directions for creatively adapting this experience in the context of Uzbekistan are briefly analyzed.
legal consciousness; national values; experience of developed countries; personality model; civic responsibility; legal culture; national identity
PSIXOSOMATIK SIMPTOM SHAKLLANISHINING PSIXOFIZIOLOGIK TASNIFI
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada psixosomatik simptomlarning shakllanish jarayoni psixofiziologik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Psixika va tana o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik, stress, emotsional zo‘riqish hamda ijtimoiy omillarning inson organizmiga ta’siri ilmiy manbalar asosida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Psixosomatik kasalliklarning paydo bo‘lish mexanizmlari, vegetativ nerv tizimi, endokrin tizim va markaziy asab tizimining o‘rni yoritiladi. Shuningdek, psixosomatik simptomlarning yurak-qon tomir, ovqat hazm qilish, nafas olish va teri tizimlarida namoyon bo‘lish shakllari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada individual psixologik xususiyatlar, shaxsning stressga chidamliligi hamda ijtimoiy muhit ta’siri ham alohida o‘rganilgan.
psixosomatika, stress, psixofiziologiya, vegetativ nerv tizimi, emotsiyalar, psixosomatik kasalliklar.
ESKI O‘ZBEK TILIDA KO‘MAKCHILARINING ISHLATILISHI (“Devoni hikmat” asari misolida).
Ushbu maqolada eski o‘zbek tilida ko‘makchilarning qo‘llanish xususiyatlari Xoja Ahmad Yassaviyning “Devoni hikmat” asari misolida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida ko‘makchilarning tarixiy taraqqiyoti, ularning mustaqil so‘z turkumlaridan kelib chiqishi hamda eski o‘zbek tilida qanday semantik va grammatik vazifalarni bajargani ko‘rib chiqilgan. Asardagi she’riy parchalar asosida uchun, birla, ichra, uzra, sori, so‘ngra, aro, yanglig‘, burun, qosh kabi ko‘makchilarning morfologik tuzilishi va ma’no xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ularning hozirgi o‘zbek adabiy tilidagi qo‘llanishi bilan qiyosiy jihatlari ham yoritib beriladi.
Eski o‘zbek tili, ko‘makchilar, Devoni hikmat, Ahmad Yassaviy, tarixiy grammatika, sof ko‘makchilar, funksional ko‘makchilar, morfologik tahlil, semantika, til taraqqiyoti.
THE POETIC INTERPRETATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY IN THE POETRY OF ALEXANDER FAYNBERG
This article analyzes the artistic interpretation of the relationship between the individual and society in the poetry of Alexander Faynberg. The study examines the image of the individual in the poet’s lyrics, the inner experiences of the lyrical hero, and his connection with the social environment. The article explores the complex relationship between the individual and society in Faynberg’s poems, as well as the poetic expression of human values and social problems. The research is based on socio-philosophical approaches to the study of the relationship between literature and society, particularly the theoretical views of Georg Lukács and Mikhail Bakhtin. In addition, the article examines how the position of the individual within the social environment and the connection between personal experiences and social reality are expressed through poetic imagery in Faynberg’s poetry. The results of the study demonstrate that the poetic interpretation of the relationship between the individual and society occupies an important place in Faynberg’s artistic and philosophical thinking.
Individual and society, lyrical hero, social lyric poetry, poetic interpretation, human values, individual and society, modern Uzbek poetry
O‘ZBEKISTON VA RIVOJLANGAN MAMLAKATLAR TAJRIBASIDA TABIIY FANLARNI O‘QITISHDA EKOLOGIK YONDASHUV
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston va rivojlangan mamlakatlarda tabiiy fanlarni o‘qitishda ekologik yondashuvlar, ularning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Bugungi global ekologik muammolar sharoitida talaba va o‘quvchilarda atrof-muhitga hurmat, resurslardan oqilona foydalanish va barqaror rivojlanish tamoyillarini o‘rgatish zarurati ortib bormoqda. Maqolada ekologik yondashuvlar asosida dars metodikasi, interfaol pedagogik usullar va milliy hamda xalqaro tajriba o‘rganiladi. Shu bilan birga, O‘zbekiston ta’lim tizimida tabiiy fanlar darslarini ekologik komponent bilan boyitish imkoniyatlari va rivojlangan mamlakatlarda qo‘llanilayotgan ilg‘or usullar tahlil qilinadi.
ekologik yondashuv, tabiiy fanlar, O‘zbekiston, rivojlangan mamlakatlar, barqaror rivojlanish, interfaol metodlar, dars metodikasi, ekologik ta’lim, atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish, innovatsion pedagogika.
DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE (ICC) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS: STRATEGIES AND PERSPECTIVES
In the era of globalization, the primary goal of learning English has shifted from achieving native-like fluency to developing Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). This paper explores the integration of cultural dimensions into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. It analyzes the role of “Cultural Intelligence” in preventing pragmatic failure and fostering mutual understanding between diverse speakers. By examining Byram’s ICC model, the study proposes practical classroom strategies—such as role-playing, critical incidents analysis, and digital storytelling—to enhance students’ ability to navigate cross-cultural nuances. The research concludes that language education must go beyond grammar and vocabulary to produce globally competent communicators who can negotiate meaning across cultural boundaries.
Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC), EFL, Cultural Awareness, Sociolinguistics, Pedagogical Strategies, Global Communication
РОЛЬ АУДИОВИЗУАЛЬНЫХ МЕТОДОВ В МОДИФИКАЦИИ ЯЗЫКОВОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
В данной статье рассматривается значение использования аудиовизуальных методов в процессе модификации содержания языкового образования в соответствии с современными требованиями. Анализируется роль аудиовизуальных технологий в эффективной организации процесса изучения языка, а также их влияние на развитие у обучающихся навыков аудирования, речевой активности и коммуникативной компетенции.
языковое образование, модификация содержания обучения, аудиовизуальные методы, мультимедийные технологии, инновационное образование, коммуникативная компетенция, аудирование, интерактивное обучение, цифровая педагогика.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF REALIZING THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE REGION
This research provides a comprehensive econometric assessment of the mechanisms and determinants involved in the realization of regional economic potential, defined here as the adaptive capacity of a territorial system to transform endowments into sustainable growth. Integrating advanced spatial econometric techniques with institutional analysis, the study employs the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to investigate regional interdependencies and spatial spillovers. Empirical evidence is synthesized from two distinct developmental contexts: the convergence of transport infrastructure in 47 Spanish provinces (1980–2008) and the growth determinants of Gross Regional Product (GRP) in the Russian Federation. The findings reveal that while absolute and conditional \beta-convergence are statistically significant, the realization of potential is contingent upon the specific nature of capital; in the Spanish case, only road infrastructure significantly catalyzed convergence, while the Russian context highlights the dominant role of fixed capital and innovation costs (with elasticities of 0.72 and 0.14, respectively). A critical contribution of this study is the identification of the "efficiency-equity trade-off" and the role of institutional quality—specifically the reduction of transaction costs and the socialization of growth—in mediating developmental outcomes. The research concludes that regional policy must shift from a paradigm of endowment equalization to one of productivity-oriented smart specialization to fully unlock latent economic potential.
Econometric analysis, Regional development, Spatial Durbin Model, Economic convergence, Transport infrastructure, Institutional factors, Gross Regional Product, Spatial spillovers, Investment attractiveness, Regional policy.
TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES FOR DIFFERENT AGES OF PEOPLE
This article examines the features teaching foreign languages to learners of different age groups, including children, teenagers, adults, and elderly people. It highlights the psychological, cognitive, and motivational characteristics of each group and explains how teaching methods should be adapted accordingly. The article emphasizes the importance of age-appropriate strategies such as play-based learning for children, interactive and discussion-based activities for teenagers, practical and goal-oriented instruction for adults, and supportive, well-structured lessons for elderly learners. The main idea of the article is that effective foreign language teaching requires flexibility, understanding, and a learner-centered approach to ensure successful outcomes for people of all ages.
Foreign language teaching, age differences, children learners, teenagers, adult learners, elderly learners, teaching methods, learning styles, motivation, learner-centered approach, age-appropriate strategies, language acquisition
MILLIY QADRIYATLARNI ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALAR ASOSIDA O‘QITISH
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada milliy qadriyatlarni zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonida o‘qitishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalaridan foydalanish orqali milliy qadriyatlarni yoshlar ongiga singdirish masalalari yoritilgan. Xususan, Toshkent Amaliy fanlar universitetida juma kunlari milliy liboslar kiyish an’anasi hamda Navro‘z kabi milliy bayramlarni ta’lim jarayonida milliy qadriyatlarga tayangan holda o‘qitish tajribasi misol sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ushbu yondashuv talaba-yoshlarda milliy o‘zlikni anglash, madaniy merosga hurmat va vatanparvarlik tuyg‘ularini shakllantirishga xizmat qilishi ilmiy asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari milliy qadriyatlar va zamonaviy texnologiyalar uyg‘unligi ta’lim samaradorligini oshirishini ko‘rsatadi.
milliy qadriyatlar, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, ta’lim jarayoni, juma kunlari milliy liboslar, Navro‘z bayrami, Toshkent Amaliy fanlar universiteti, milliy tarbiya, raqamli pedagogika.
Abduqodirov Muxammadqodir Nu’monjon o‘g‘li
VIKTORIAN DAVRI INGLIZ ADABIYOTIDA BAGʻRIKENGLIK VA TOQATSIZLIK TASVIRI: CHARLZ DIKKENS ROMANLARI ASOSIDA TAHLILIY TADQIQOT
Ushbu maqolada Viktorian davri ingliz adabiyotida bagʻrikenglik va toqatsizlik masalalari Charles Dickens romanlari misolida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot jarayonida yozuvchining asarlarida aks etgan ijtimoiy tengsizlik, axloqiy qadriyatlar hamda insonparvarlik gʻoyalari o‘rganildi. Dickens yaratgan personajlar orqali jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy muammolar va insoniy munosabatlarning murakkabligi yoritiladi. Tahlil natijalari yozuvchining asarlarida bagʻrikenglik jamiyat taraqqiyoti uchun muhim axloqiy qadriyat sifatida tasvirlanganini ko‘rsatadi.
Viktorian davri, Charlz Dikkens, bagʻrikenglik, toqatsizlik, ingliz adabiyoti, ijtimoiy muammolar, personaj tahlili.
DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPING INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN ENTERPRISES
innovation, strategy, development, management, digitalization, competitiveness.
PSIXOLOGIK MASLAHAT JARAYONIDA NEYROLINGVISTIK PROGRAMMALASHTIRISH IMKONIYATLARI.
Maqolada psixologik maslahat jarayonida neyrolingvistik programmalashtirish imkoniyatlaridan foydalanishning ahamiyati haqida so’z borgan hamda tahlil etilib tavsiyalar berilgan. Neyrolingvistik psixologiya (NLP) psixologik jarayonda keng va turli imkoniyatlarga ega ekanligini, u insonlarning ichki tuyg’ularini, fikrlarini va xatti-harakatlarini o’zgartirishda samarali usullari va imkoniyatlarini ko’rib chiqadi.
neyrolingvistik programmalashtirish, lingvistika, leksika, ong, sezgi, muloqot, yondashuv,empatiya.
ALEKSANDR FAYNBERG SHE’RLARIDA TUYG’ULAR IFODASI VA MUHABBAT TASVIRI
Maqolada she’rning g‘oyaviy-badiiy xususiyatlari ilmiy-nazariy asosda tahlil qilinadi. Asarda muhabbatning takrorlanmasligi, qalb pokligi, sabr va sadoqat masalalari yoritilgan. Metafora, tazod va takror kabi badiiy vositalar orqali falsafiy mazmun ochib beriladi.
muhabbat, lirik qahramon, sabr, qalb pokligi, metafora, tazod, sadoqat, falsafiy lirika.
MAKTABGACHA YOSH DAVRIDAGI BOLALARNING PSIXOMOTOR SIFATLARI RIVOJLANISHIGA TA'SIR ETUVCHI OMILLAR
Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning psixomotor sifatlarini rivojlantirishning o'ziga xos jihatlari adabiyotlar tahlili asosida ko'rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalarida psixomotor sifatlarni rivojlantirishda tizimli yondashuv, o'yin faoliyati va individual xususiyatlarni hisobga olishning muhimligi asoslab berilgan.
psixomotor sifatlar, maktabgacha yosh, jismoniy tarbiya, harakat faoliyati, koordinatsiya, o'yin, rivojlanish, maktabgacha ta'lim
MAKTABGACHA YOSH DAVRIDAGI BOLALARNING O'YIN FAOLIYATIGA PSIXOLOGIK TAYYORLIGI VA UNING XUSUSIYATLARI
Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning o'yin faoliyatiga psixologik tayyorligining asosiy xususiyatlari adabiyotlar tahlili asosida o'rganilgan. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, bolaning o'yin faoliyatiga tayyorligi kognitiv, emotsional, motivatsion va ijtimoiy komponentlarning yaxlit tizimini tashkil etadi.
maktabgacha yosh, o'yin faoliyati, psixologik tayyorlik, bilish jarayonlari, emotsional rivojlanish, motivatsiya, ijtimoiy ko'nikmalar
THE ROLE OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN PROMOTING NATIONAL IDENTITY AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS
The formation of national identity among young learners has become one of the central objectives of contemporary education systems. Alongside academic instruction, schools are expected to cultivate students’ moral consciousness, civic responsibility, and respect for cultural heritage. This study investigates the pedagogical potential of extracurricular activities as an effective mechanism for strengthening national identity among secondary school students. Based on observations, surveys, and interviews conducted in general secondary schools of Uzbekistan, the research identifies cultural events, creative clubs, sports programs, and community service projects as key instruments in value-based education. The findings reveal that systematic participation in such activities positively influences students’ patriotism, social engagement, and commitment to national traditions. The paper proposes practical recommendations for integrating extracurricular programs into the educational process.
national identity, extracurricular activities, value education, secondary schools, patriotism, civic responsibility
INTERNET KOMMUNIKATSIYASIDA TILNING TRANSFORMATSIYASI VA UNING LINGVISTIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Mazkur maqolada internet kommunikatsiyasi jarayonida yuzaga kelayotgan til transformatsiyasi lingvistik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda internet tilining shakllanish omillari, uning fonetik, leksik, grammatik va grafika xususiyatlari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, internet muhitida yuzaga kelgan yangi til birliklari, qisqartmalar, emotikonlar va slang birliklarning kommunikatsiyadagi o‘rni yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijasida internet tilining zamonaviy kommunikatsiya jarayonida muhim lingvistik hodisa sifatida shakllanib borayotgani aniqlanadi.
internet kommunikatsiyasi, til transformatsiyasi, kommunikativ til, emotikon, qisqartma, virtual muloqot.
ANTIBIOTIKLAR REZISTENTLIGI: ZAMONAVIY FARMATSIYADA GLOBAL MUAMMO VA FARMATSEVTNING ROLI
Antibiotiklar resistentligi — bu bakterial infeksiyalarning dorilarga nisbatan sezuvchanligini yo‘qotishi bo‘lib, u global sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida jiddiy muammo sifatida namoyon bo‘lmoqda. Ushbu maqolada antibiotiklar resistentligining sabab va omillari, zamonaviy farmatsiyada ushbu muammoni kamaytirishdagi farmatsevtning roli, dorilarni ratsional qo‘llash, bemorlarni ma’lumotlantirish va profilaktik choralar muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada resistentlikning xalqaro miqyosdagi oqibatlari, sog‘liqni saqlash tizimiga yuk, kasalliklarning murakkablashuvi va farmatsevtik amaliyotdagi yechimlar tahlil qilinadi.
antibiotiklar resistentligi, bakterial infeksiya, farmatsevt, dorilarning ratsional qo‘llanilishi, global sog‘liqni saqlash, profilaktika, farmatsiya amaliyoti
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИЯ ОПУЩЕНИЯ ГЕНИТАЛИЙ НА НАЧАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ РАЗВИТИЯ У ЖЕНЩИН РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Опущение гениталий у женщин репродуктивного возраста является актуальной проблемой современной гинекологии и характеризуется тенденцией к прогрессированию при отсутствии своевременной коррекции. На ранних стадиях заболевания (I–II степень) клинические проявления минимальны, однако именно этот период наиболее благоприятен для проведения профилактических мероприятий. Цель исследования — обоснование эффективных методов профилактики прогрессирования пролапса тазовых органов у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Рассмотрены основные факторы риска, патогенетические механизмы и современные консервативные подходы, включая тренировку мышц тазового дна, коррекцию образа жизни и диспансерное наблюдение. Комплексный и индивидуализированный профилактический подход позволяет замедлить прогрессирование патологического процесса и снизить необходимость хирургического вмешательства в дальнейшем.
опущение гениталий, пролапс тазовых органов, репродуктивный возраст, профилактика, мышцы тазового дна, факторы риска, консервативная терапия
KÜNSTLICHE INTELLIGENZ IM BILDUNGSBEREICH: ZWISCHEN AUTOMATISIERUNG UND PÄDAGOGISCHER TRANSFORMATION
Dieser Artikel untersucht die Rolle der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) im Bildungsbereich aus einer pädagogisch-transformatorischen Perspektive. Im Gegensatz zu technikzentrierten Analysen wird KI hier nicht nur als Automatisierungsinstrument, sondern als struktureller Impulsgeber für neue Lernarchitekturen verstanden. Es wird ein originelles Modell – das „Didaktische Ko-Evolutionsmodell (DKM)“ – vorgestellt, das die Wechselwirkung zwischen Lernenden, Lehrenden und intelligenten Systemen beschreibt. Ziel ist es, Chancen, Risiken und nachhaltige Integrationsstrategien für Bildungssysteme im digitalen Zeitalter aufzuzeigen.
künstliche Intelligenz, digitale Bildung, adaptive Lernsysteme, pädagogische Innovation, Bildungsdigitalisierung.
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO DIGITAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
This paper examines the strategic role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the digital transformation of education systems. The study analyzes the impact of AI on improving educational efficiency, personalization of learning processes, and optimization of teachers’ and learners’ activities. Based on international and national experiences, the advantages of AI-driven personalized learning, automated assessment, virtual assistants, chatbots, and intelligent learning systems are highlighted. The paper also discusses prospects and challenges related to the implementation of AI technologies in national education systems, emphasizing ethical considerations, data security, and teacher training. The findings demonstrate that AI technologies serve as a key driver for sustainable development and innovation in modern education.
Artificial intelligence, digital education, personalized learning, automated assessment, virtual assistants, chatbots, intelligent learning systems, language learning technologies, educational monitoring, pedagogical innovation
BO'LAJAK TARBIYACHILARDA KOMMUNIKATIV QOBILIYATLARNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING AMALIY ASOSLARI
Ushbu maqola bo'lajak tarbiyachilarda kommunikativ qobiliyatlarni rivojlantirishning amaliy asoslariga bag'ishlangan. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi ta'lim jarayonida o'qituvchining kommunikativ kompetentligini shakllantirishning samarali metod va texnologiyalarini aniqlash hamda ularni o'quv dasturlariga integratsiya qilish yo'llarini ko'rsatishdan iborat. Mavzu bo'yicha mavjud adabiyotlar tahlili, zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlar va xalqaro tajriba tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada interfaol o'qitish usullari, ro'l o'yinlari, keys-stadi, simulyatsiyalar, pedagogik amaliyotning o'rni va kommunikativ kompetentlikni baholash mezonlari atroflicha yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari bo'lajak tarbiyachilarning kasbiy tayyorgarligini oshirish va ularning pedagogik kommunikatsiya ko'nikmalarini amaliy jihatdan rivojlantirish uchun qator tavsiyalarni o'z ichiga oladi.
Bo'lajak tarbiyachilar, kommunikativ qobiliyatlar, pedagogik kommunikatsiya, amaliyot, kompetentlik, interaktiv metodlar, o'qitish metodikasi
WAYS TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN: ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the strategic modernization of the electric power industry in Uzbekistan, focusing on the shift from traditional automation to a robust "Digital Economy" framework. Guided by the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" strategy and the "Concept for Providing the Republic of Uzbekistan with Electric Energy for 2020–2030," the research explores the organizational and economic mechanisms essential for enhancing sector-wide competitiveness. The investigation identifies digitalization as a pivotal driver for operational efficiency, particularly through the implementation of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data analytics. Findings reveal that while electricity production has grown significantly—from 59 billion kWh in 2016 to 81.5 billion kWh in 2024—structural challenges persist, including aging infrastructure (50–70% of components exceeding 30 years of service) and an unsatisfied demand of approximately 9.4%. The study details how ERP/CRM systems, Smart Grid concepts, and unified billing (ASKUÉ) stabilize the grid and reduce technical losses (currently averaging 15.19%). Furthermore, it analyzes the institutional transition toward a competitive wholesale market initiated in 2021 and targeting full operation by 2023, while emphasizing the integration of 4.1 GW of renewable capacity and the critical role of domestic software in ensuring lifecycle cost-efficiency and energy security.
Digital Economy, Digital Transformation, Electric Power Industry, Uzbekistan, Industry 4.0, Smart Grid, Organizational Mechanisms, Economic Competitiveness, Renewable Energy, SCADA.
BOLALARDA KARIES VA SURUNKALI OSHQOZON-ICHAK KASALLIKLARI O‘RTASIDAGI BOG‘LIQLIK
Ushbu maqolada bolalarda tish kariesi va surunkali oshqozon-ichak kasalliklari o‘rtasidagi klinik hamda patogenetik bog‘liqlik masalasi tahlil qilinadi. Tish kariesi bolalar orasida eng keng tarqalgan stomatologik patologiya bo‘lib, uning rivojlanishida og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i mikrobiotsenozi, mahalliy immunitet, ovqatlanish xususiyatlari va umumiy somatik holat muhim ahamiyatga ega. So‘nggi yillarda olib borilgan tadqiqotlar oshqozon-ichak traktining surunkali kasalliklari, jumladan gastrit, gastroduodenit, ichak disbiozi va malabsorbsion sindromlar bilan og‘rigan bolalarda karies tarqalish darajasi yuqori ekanligini ko‘rsatmoqda. Surunkali gastrointestinal patologiyalarda fermentativ buzilishlar, kalsiy-fosfor almashinuvi o‘zgarishlari, vitamin D va B guruhi vitaminlari yetishmovchiligi, shuningdek, immunologik reaktivlik pasayishi kuzatiladi. Bu holatlar tish emalining mineralizatsiya jarayoniga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi hamda kariyesogen mikroflora faollashuviga sharoit yaratadi. Maqolada oshqozon-ichak kasalliklarining tish to‘qimalariga ta’sir mexanizmlari, mikrobiologik omillar va klinik kuzatuv natijalari tahlil qilinadi. Olingan ma’lumotlar bolalarda kompleks yondashuv asosida stomatologik va gastroenterologik skrining o‘tkazish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.
Bolalar stomatologiyasi, tish kariesi, surunkali gastrit, gastroduodenit, ichak disbiozi, mikrobiota, malabsorbsiya, mineral almashinuvi, vitamin D yetishmovchiligi, immunitet, patogenez.
НОЗОКОМИАЛЬНЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ У ДЕТЕЙ: ЭТИОЛОГИЯ, АНТИБИОТИКОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И СТРАТЕГИИ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ
Нозокомиальные инфекции у детей остаются одной из наиболее актуальных проблем современной педиатрии и клинической микробиологии, обусловливая рост заболеваемости, увеличение длительности госпитализации и повышение риска неблагоприятных исходов. Особую значимость данная проблема приобретает в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорождённых и детей раннего возраста, где незрелость иммунной системы, необходимость инвазивных вмешательств и длительная антибактериальная терапия создают благоприятные условия для формирования внутрибольничных инфекционных процессов. В работе также систематизированы современные стратегии профилактики нозокомиальных инфекций у детей, включая строгий инфекционный контроль, соблюдение стандартов асептики и антисептики, рациональное использование инвазивных устройств, оптимизацию антибактериальной терапии и повышение комплаентности медицинского персонала к протоколам профилактики. Комплексный подход к решению данной проблемы рассматривается как ключевой фактор снижения частоты внутрибольничных инфекций и улучшения клинических исходов у педиатрических пациентов.
нозокомиальные инфекции, педиатрия, антибиотикорезистентность, внутрибольничная инфекция, бактериальные возбудители, грамположительные бактерии, грамотрицательные бактерии, антимикробная терапия, антимикробный стюардшип, инфекционный контроль, профилактика, отделение реанимации, микробиологический мониторинг
O‘ZBEK TILINI O‘QITISHDA CLIL TEXNOLOGIYASI
DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPING A REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BASED ON ECONOMETRIC MODELS IN UZBEKISTAN
The transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan toward a high-output industrial economy constitutes the bedrock of the national "Uzbekistan-2030" strategy, necessitating a paradigmatic shift from qualitative governance to advanced econometric forecasting. This research synthesizes a strategic framework for the Surkhandarya region, a pivotal southern industrial node that, despite demonstrating resilient growth, currently contributes only 1.4% to the national industrial aggregate. To address this disparity, we deploy a sophisticated methodological apparatus integrating Multiple Linear Regression for macroeconomic benchmarking, Complex Number Modeling to capture auxiliary economic dimensions, and ARIMA (1, 1, 0) for temporal forecasting. By analyzing longitudinal data from 2010 to 2024, the study identifies critical efficiency tiers—ranging from a resource-bound 21.1% to a harmonized optimal effect of 54.7%—and classifies the region’s districts into specific developmental strata. The implementation of complex number modeling proves transformative, utilizing imaginary units to represent non-primary capital and management labor, thereby revealing hidden cross-sectoral dependencies. Our results indicate that while national GDP is highly responsive to investment, regional industrial output requires targeted structural interventions in "activity levels" to realize a forecasted 1.3-fold increase by 2028. This document provides actionable policy directions for establishing youth entrepreneurship zones and industrial clusters to catalyze sustainable regional optimization.
Industrialization, Econometric Models, ARIMA, Complex Number Theory, Uzbekistan-2030, Strategic Clustering, Regional Development, Macroeconomic Forecasting, Structural Policy.
USE OF SECONDARY PRODUCTS OF PERSIMMON PROCESSING AS A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVE
The article presents the results of a study on the application of dried persimmon peel powder in bakery products as an element of a zero-waste fruit processing technology. An experimental study was conducted on bread formulated with 70 g of persimmon peel powder per 930 g of wheat flour. The physicochemical properties of the dough, technological characteristics of the bread, organoleptic indicators, and functional value were investigated. It was found that the addition of persimmon peel does not impair crumb structure, preserves porosity, and increases the content of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds by more than twofold. The results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing zero-waste persimmon processing in breadmaking and expanding the range of functional food products.
persimmon, peel, zero-waste technologies, breadmaking, functional foods, dried peel powder, rational use of raw materials.
KORXONALARDA UZOQ MUDDATLI AKTIVLAR TUSHUNCHASINI IQTISODIY MAZMUNI VA MOHIYATI
Iqtisodiyotni yanada rivojlantirish va Respublikamizning jahon iqtisodiyoti muhitiga qo‘shilishi iqtisodiy hamkorlarni buxgalteriya hisobi subyekti to‘g‘risidagi buxgalteriya hisobi va hisobot tizim tomonidan taqdim etilishi kerak bo‘lgan yetarli ma’lumot bilan ta’minlashni taqozo etadi. Korxonalar buxgalteriya hisobini yuritishda uzoq muddatli aktivlarning o‘rni ahamiyatlidir. Chunki uzoq muddatli aktivlar korxonalarning moliyaviy salohiyati va muvaffaqiyatining muhim tarkibiy qismidir. Ushbu tadqiqot uzoq muddatli aktivlarni hisobga olish usullari va ilg‘or tajribalarini, shuningdek, ushbu sohadagi qiyinchiliklar va imkoniyatlarni o‘rganishga qaratilgan.
Aktivlar, moliyaviy hisobotlar, me’yoriy huquqlar, amortizatsiya.