SEMIZLIKDA INSULINREZISTENTLIK RIVOJLANISH MEXANIZMLARI
Keywords:
semizlik, insulinrezistentlik, metabolik sindrom, adipotsitlar, visseral yog‘ to‘qimasi, adipokinlar, giperglikemiya, giperinsulinemiya, oksidlovchi stress, adiponektin, leptin, rezistin, erkin yog‘ kislotalari, yallig‘lanish, qandli diabet 2-turi, metabolik buzilishlar, insulin signalizatsiyasi, mitoxondrial disfunksiya, endoplazmatik retikulum stressiAbstract
Mazkur maqolada semizlik fonida rivojlanadigan insulinrezistentlikning asosiy patogenetik mexanizmlari, metabolik o‘zgarishlari hamda molekulyar-biokimyoviy jarayonlari tahlil qilindi. So‘nggi yillarda semizlik global tibbiy-ijtimoiy muammo sifatida tobora keng tarqalib borayotgani va u bilan bog‘liq metabolik buzilishlar inson salomatligiga jiddiy xavf tug‘dirayotgani qayd etilmoqda. Ayniqsa, insulinrezistentlik semizlikning eng muhim metabolik asoratlaridan biri bo‘lib, qandli diabetning 2-turi, metabolik sindrom, arterial gipertenziya va yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari rivojlanishida asosiy patogenetik bo‘g‘in hisoblanadi. Tadqiqot davomida adipotsitlar gipertrofiyasi, visseral yog‘ to‘qimasi faolligining ortishi, surunkali past darajali yallig‘lanish, adipokinlar disbalansi hamda erkin yog‘ kislotalari almashinuvining buzilishi insulin signalizatsiyasiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi ilmiy manbalar asosida o‘rganildi. Shuningdek, semizlikda kuzatiladigan oksidlovchi stress, mitoxondrial disfunksiya va endoplazmatik retikulum stressining hujayra darajasidagi metabolik jarayonlarga salbiy ta’siri tahlil qilindi. Insulin retseptorlarining sezuvchanligi pasayishi natijasida glyukoza utilizatsiyasi buzilishi, giperglikemiya va kompensator giperinsulinemiya rivojlanishi ko‘rsatib berildi. Maqolada insulinrezistentlik rivojlanishida leptin, adiponektin, rezistin va tumor nekroz omili-alfa kabi biologik faol mediatorlarning roli yoritildi. Bundan tashqari, semizlikning uzoq davom etishi natijasida jigar, skelet mushaklari va pankreatik β-hujayralarda yuzaga keladigan struktur-funksional o‘zgarishlarning metabolik jarayonlarga ta’siri baholandi. Olingan natijalar semizlikda insulinrezistentlik rivojlanishining murakkab va ko‘p bosqichli mexanizmlarini chuqurroq tushunishga xizmat qiladi hamda metabolik kasalliklarning erta profilaktikasi va samarali davolash strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda muhim ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.
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